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diagnosis differential management hypokalemia pharmacology table comparison diuresis diuretics effects excretion hematology hyponatremia hypotonic injury kdigo kidney lactated leukostasis low
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Rhabdomyolysis • Tumor lysis ... glycosides • High ... acute iatrogenic ... Elimination: • AKI
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Diagnosis Algorithm ... drawing blood (ischemia-induced ... TTKG should be high ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... excretion • Acute ... transfusion • Tumor lysis ... #nephrology #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... burns, trauma - Ischemic ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... burns, trauma - Ischemic ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation • Reconsider treatment leadingto
Algorithm • Treat ... the cause & optimize ... Intracellular K+ ... #treatment #potassium ... #high
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
WBC count cause ... fever - ACS, AKI ... , acute limb ischemia ... values: Elevated K, ... hydration - Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Acidosis, Cell Lysis ... , RTA Type IV, AI ... reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... urinary losses: • High ... #nephrology #low
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia ... Other • ATN: Ischemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
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