56 results
Diplopia - Differential Diagnosis
Step 1: Consider Stroke
Step 2: Diplopia PLUS
 - Cavernous Sinus Syndrome
 - Infection
Diplopia - Differential ... Cavernous Sinus Syndrome ... - Orbital Apex Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Schema
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
Important Causes ... of Diplopia TIER ... , Orbital apex syndrome ... Ophthalmoplegic migraine, Ischemic ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Diplopia - Double ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... a mass as the cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
re-vascularize the ischemic ... causes upregulation ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Differential diagnoses for the neuro-ophthalmologic finding of diplopia.
Neoplastic: 
 • Intraorbital meningioma 
 • Pituitary adenoma
for the neuro-ophthalmologic ... finding of diplopia ... Miller-Fisher syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Upper and Lower Causes of GI Bleed
Upper:
 • Esophagus: Tear (Mallory Weiss, Boerhaave syndrome), Variceal, Esophagitis,
Upper and Lower Causes ... Weiss, Boerhaave syndrome ... sarcoma, Mesenteric ischemia ... Inflammatory: Ischemic ... #algorithm
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Midbrain (Parinaud's Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Dizziness - Central and Peripheral Causes - Differential Diagnosis
Central Causes:
 • Cerebrovascular:  vertebrobasilar, TIA, Wallenburg,
hemorrhage, Brainstem ischemia ... oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome ... canal dehiscence syndrome ... • Cogan's syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Causes of Growth Discrepancy: Large for Gestational Age - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Maternal Factors:
 • Multiparity
 •
Causes of Growth ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Sotos syndrome, ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Obstetrics