29 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Transient Monocular Vision loss - Differential Diagnosis
Ischemia	
 - Large artery disease (atherothrombosis, embolus, dissection).
  -
optic neuropathy, vasculitis ... Caused by decreased ... Ocular causes - ... anterior chamber hemorrhage ... Differential #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
Cataracts - Macula: Macular ... Vein Occlusion, Ischemic ... Hemorrhage, TIA ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #ophthalmology
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Clinical findings and Complications
Signs/Symptoms: 
 - Headache (usually constant, superimposed by waves
Complications Signs ... artery tender, nodular ... Papillary Edema, Flame Hemorrhages ... Complications #Signs ... #Vasculitis
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... - Myocardial ischemia ... abdo pain, GI hemorrhage ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Is visual loss caused ... with splinter hemorrhages ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
edema caused by ... ischemia results ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... • Tumor • Hemorrhage ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
vomiting, auditory symptoms ... Imbalance, neurologic symptoms ... /signs, bidirectional ... • Transient Ischemic ... • Cerebellar Hemorrhage
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
: • Purpura, ischemic ... tract, and often causes ... Kidneys: glomerular ischemia ... Presentation - Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: strong sign