34 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
in the urine - Renal ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... - Renal insufficiency ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... salicylate toxicity causes ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... hyperkalemia (with renal
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
of High Anion Gap ... salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... /Chronic renal failure ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Metabolic Acidosis ... Diarrhea • Fistula Renal ... Cell Problem - Low ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... Hyperuricemia, Renal ... Calculi #Types #Renal
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Diuretics (late) • High ... hyperaldosteronism • High ... PRA: Renal artery ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Beer Potomania - Low ... Treat with a high ... • Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... #nephrology