66 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
re-vascularize the ischemic ... into the deeper retinal ... ischemia -> Venous ... ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Key Characteristics of Old and New Potassium-Binding Agents

- Dr. Edgar V. Lerma https://twitter.com/edgarvlermamd

#Potassium #Binding #KBinders #Kayexelate
of Old and New Potassium-Binding ... edgarvlermamd #Potassium ... Comparison #Table #Pharmacology ... #HyperKalemia #Nephrology
Non-ischemic CRVO - Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

Non-ischemic Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) 

Dr. Sebastian Vega @oftalmopo

#Nonischemic #CRVO
Non-ischemic CRVO ... Examination Non-ischemic ... Central Retinal ... CRVO #Central #Retinal ... clinical #video #ophthalmology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
potassium excretion ... Drugs Increased potassium ... (oral/iv) • Potassium-rich ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Central Retinal ... (CRAO) • The retina ... edema caused by ischemia ... axons death due to ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
degeneration - Retina ... Lens Dislocation, Retinal ... Vein Occlusion, Ischemic ... Optic Neuropathy, Retinal ... Diagnosis #causes #ophthalmology
Checklist Approach to Hypokalemia

Consider risk factors for arrhythmia:
 - EKG changes (especially QT prolongation)
 - Digoxin
- Myocardial ischemia ... 3.5 - Severe renal ... Enteral potassium ... monitoring depend on renal ... monitoring depend on renal
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Drugs that Impair Renal ... Potassium Excretion ... Pathophysiology #Pharmacology ... #Impaired #Potassium ... #Renal
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... dissociation) • Pharmacologic ... • Botulism Pharmacologic ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... Sodium bicarbonate Potassium ... (if preserved renal ... #nephrology