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diagnosis differential potassium causes hyperkalemia hypokalemia low diuresis diuretics excretion hyponatremia hypotonic k management medications metabolicacidosis nongap physiologic sodium treatment
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... • Metabolic acidosis ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diarrhea • Fistula Renal ... Cell Problem - High ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Metabolic acidosis ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Metabolic acidosis ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
≥100): SIADH, Renal ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm <100): Renal ... Hypervolemia with poor renal ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
post-hypothermia • ↓ Renal ... Excretion: - Renal ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... Elimination (see Table ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Diuretics #Renal ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Table
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