34 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
re-vascularize the ischemic ... significant retinal ischemia ... Localized retinal ischemia ... #complications ... #pathophysiology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome ... Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... autoantibodies that will cause ... ischemia and/or ... cyclophosphamide • Ischemic
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #complications
Dizziness - Central and Peripheral Causes - Differential Diagnosis
Central Causes:
 • Cerebrovascular:  vertebrobasilar, TIA, Wallenburg,
- Differential Diagnosis ... hemorrhage, Brainstem ischemia ... • Cogan's syndrome ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms
Anaphylaxis: when any egg of three conditions is met:
1. Acute onset of skin/mucosal
Anaphylaxis: Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... e.g. arrythmias, ischemia ... #Anaphylaxis #pathophysiology ... #immunology #diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... / Symptoms / Complications ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
- Differential Diagnosis ... • PAD • Limb ischemia ... • Acute limb ischemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... lower #extremity #msk
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... decreased renal renal ischemia ... per day until stable ... Management #Summary #causes
Compartment Syndrome Pearls
A vicious cycle of increased pressure within a facial compartment leading to compression of
Compartment Syndrome ... Pathophysiology: ... Tissue hypoxia → Ischemia ... Ischemic injury ... after the onset of ischemia