236 results
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
tubule (PCT) - Reabsorption ... Isosmotic reabsorption ... organic acids and bases ... convoluted tubule (DCT ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... increased bone Ca2+ resorption ... increased GI Ca2+ absorption ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Magnesium Absorption and Pathophysiology 
Magnesium Absorption: 
 • absorbed in the GIT — small intestine, Saturable
Magnesium Absorption ... Pathophysiology Magnesium Absorption ... Henle • 5-10% in DCT ... #Magnesium #Absorption
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
The Pathophysiology of Fat Absorption and Causes of Malabsorption (steatorrhoea)

#Fat #Malabsorption #Pathophysiology #Differential #Steatorrhea #Diarrhea #Diagnosis
Pathophysiology of Fat Absorption ... and Causes of Malabsorption
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Bioavailability, Absorption ... Pharmacology #Comparison #Table
Causes of Hyperferritinemia - Differential Diagnosis
Ferritin > 1000
Ferritin is the storage form of iron. Increased hepcidin
Causes of Hyperferritinemia ... increased GI absorption ... Most Common Causes ... 1% Most Common Causes ... is an uncommon cause
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... renal magnesium absorption ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes
Summary Table of Causes of Acrocyanosis:

Dr. Ann Marie Kumfer @AnnKumfer

#Acrocyanosis #Differential #Causes #Diagnosis #Causes #Table
Summary Table of ... Causes of Acrocyanosis ... #Differential #Causes ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Table
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis and Presentation

#Diagnosis #Differential #Table #Dyspnea #SOB #Causes
#Differential #Table ... #Dyspnea #SOB #Causes