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diagnosis differential causes hyperkalemia high medications renal acid acidbase acidosis action algorithm alkalosis aniongap base bloodgas chloride classes conversion disorders
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron 1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 3) Loop
action on the nephron ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... triamterene) #nephron ... #diuretics #pharmacology ... #nephrology #medications
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... Piretanide Potassium ... loss through the nephron ... nephrology #conversion
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 2.
ABG And BMP Normal ... ) = {Na - (Cl + ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... #ABG #bloodgas
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Kidney loss of Cl ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Generalized distal nephron ... Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... resistance • Metabolic ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• K sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• K sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... (Assess GFR), ±VBG ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Effects of Prostaglandins and NSAIDs on the Kidney Effects of Prostaglandins on the Kidney: • The vasodilatory
hormones that act ... increased in CKD ag ... perfusion of remaining nephrons ... Kidney #renal #nephrology ... #pharmacology
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