7 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Polyneuropathy, Acute ... stroke, Acute spinal ... cord injury Generalized ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia ... #Kidney #Injury ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... mimics, repeat testing ... • Acute onset ... → Refer to Nephrology ... to Nephrology if
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... Cerebral salt wasting ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Causes #nephrology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
below the site of injury ... below the site of injury ... Causes: 1. ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... differential #algorithm
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic Brain Injury ... (TBI) - Acute ... Hyponatremia • Hypocalcemia ... cardiovascular causes ... #Geriatrics
Evaluation of Recurrent Falls

Core Concept:
Maintaining an upright posture requires the integrated function of multiple systems.
Disruption in
Recurrent Falls Core ... ) - Spinal cord ... weakness, muscle wasting ... instability (e.g., post-injury ... #Neurology