10 results
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... , dyspnea, +/- CXR ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... diagnosis #management #hematology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... fluid balance, and CXR ... Transfusion #Reactions #hematology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... common • Imaging: CXR ... sepsis), PE, DAH, CHF ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Pleural effusion is not always visible as a meniscus in the costophrenic angle. 
A subpulmonic effusion
In these cases, ... a patient with signs ... of CHF. ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... e.g. incidental CXR ... Specific sarcoidosis syndromes ... • Heerfordt syndrome ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... Causes include: ... ischemic changes CXR ... respiratory distress syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
Signs of congestion ... acute coronary syndrome ... the determined cause ... algorithm #management #cardiology ... #heartfailure #chf
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF ... tract, and often causes ... vasculitis • Behcet syndrome ... vasculitis • Cogan syndrome
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
): - Hematologic ... Treat underlying cause ... interventional radiology ... - Occurs after CAR-T ... speech changes (CAR-T
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

High mortality without prompt recognition and management. HLH is a critical diagnostic consideration in
hyperinflammatory syndrome ... caused by uncontrolled ... Presentation • Common Signs ... Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology