35 results
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Heart Failure - Causes ... Cardiomyopathy HFrEF Causes ... • Other HFpEF Causes ... #HeartFailure #Causes ... #HFrEF #HFpEF #CHF
Medications Used in Congestive Heart Failure

In CHF, the heart is failing as a pump; cardiac output
Heart Failure In CHF ... CHF also causes ... therapy in chronic CHF ... #Pharmacology #CHF ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Tree in Bud Sign
The Tree-in-Bud sign represents Endobronchial spread in a linear branching pattern and centrilobular
Tree in Bud Sign ... actually seen in all causes ... pneumonia, congenital causes ... diagnosis #clinical #radiology ... #ChestCT #pathophysiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... #HeartFailure #CHF ... #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification
Class I (Ia, Ib, Ic) - Na+ Channel Blockade
 • Slows depolarization
Classification Class ... depolarization in fast AP cells ... depolarization in slow AP cells ... Classification #Classes ... #cardiology #pharmacology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... endpoint of all-cause ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Kussmaul's Sign on Physical Exam

What’s the diagnosis?
Severe biventeicular failure with + Kussmaul sign! NICM. No constriction!

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Kussmaul's Sign ... with + Kussmaul sign ... and other rarer causes ... of right-sided HF ... clinical #video #jvp #cardiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... • Other rare causes ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Drug-Induced Edema
Drug-induced edema is caused by many drugs & can coincide with or worsen pre-existing peripheral
Drug-induced edema is caused ... release from mast cells ... Edema #Medication #Causes ... #Differential #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
diffusion of K+ out of cells ... anion gap until it closes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology