14 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
to severity of symptoms ... III and class IV symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... CHF #Congestive #HeartFailure ... #Staging #Classification
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
American College of Cardiology ... four-component staging ... CHF #Congestive #HeartFailure ... #Staging #Classification ... #Stages #Classes
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... deficiency #CHF #HFrEF #heartfailure ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
flare ups that cause ... III and class IV symptoms ... #Management #Cardiology ... CHF #Congestive #HeartFailure ... #Staging #Stages
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Overview

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon hematological malignancy arising from mature B cells. It
ingestion • B symptoms ... ) Classification ... positive) • Staging ... lymphoma #diagnosis #classification ... #hematology #oncology
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
• Langerhan cells ... with keratotic scaling ... hair follicles -> causes ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... ++ influx into cells ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... #Classes #pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... Release from blast cells ... coagulopathy common • Imaging ... Diagnosis: >3 symptoms ... management #hematology #oncology
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
the mastoid air cells ... hearing loss, nausea ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis #otology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Vaughan Williams Classification ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology ... #phases #cardiology