60 results
Persistent Pupillary Membrane (PPM) on Slit Lamp Ocular Examination

This membrane would be a remainder of the
Persistent Pupillary Membrane ... tunica vasculosa lentis ... large enough to cause ... low vision or symptoms ... clinical #video #ophthalmology
Bullous Pemphigoid - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Pathophysiology: Autoantibody-mediated damage to epithelial basement membrane -> separation of
Management Summary Pathophysiology ... epithelial basement membrane ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... - Erosions and crusts ... bullae - Mucous membrane
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Hemolysis in Hereditary Spherocytosis. Panel A shows the structure of a normal red cell and a
interactions between the membrane ... deficiencies that cause ... microvesiculation, membrane ... spleen in which red cells ... #Pathophysiology
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
• Langerhan cells ... hair follicles -> causes ... restricted to mucous membranes ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
mutated in all cells ... Retinoblastoma Signs / Symptoms ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... spine Signs / Symptoms ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Management
Global IBS Symptoms:
  - Limited trial low FODMAP diet
Management Global IBS Symptoms ... Rifaximin- up to 3 courses ... ♀ with severe symptoms ... receptors on apical membranes ... intestinal epithelial cells
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
the mastoid air cells ... of the tympanic membrane ... hearing loss, nausea ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms