28 results
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Alwavs Repeat Blood ... Thrombocytosis: cells ... while drawing blood ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Schistocytes can assume a shape resembling natural or man-made objects such as arrowheads, fish, collar buttons,
In this case, arrows ... point to helmet cells ... seen in the left photo ... In the right photo ... Path #BloodSmear #Blood
Drug-Induced Edema
Drug-induced edema is caused by many drugs & can coincide with or worsen pre-existing peripheral
Drug-induced edema is caused ... pressure in the blood ... potent effect on blood ... release from mast cells ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
cells that adopt ... These cells can ... go on to block blood ... Crises can be precipitated ... The underlying pathophysiology
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
oxygen in the blood ... oxygen in the blood ... CYTOPATHIC HYPOXIA - Cells ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #pathophysiology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... by blood cells ... skin that are caused ... Out Secondary Causes ... diagnosis #hematology #oncology
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
• stored red blood ... cells - Hb variant ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Causes
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
plasma and some red blood ... cells in the lung ... epilepticus • Pathophysiology ... The predominant pathophysiologic ... • Pathophysiology
Lipoprotein Metabolism

Enterocytes release absorbed lipids the form of triglyceride-rich chylomicrons. These are acted upon by endothelial
by endothelial cells ... The liver uses this ... released into the blood ... liver or supply cells ... Cholesterol #Metabolism #Pathophysiology
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
acid from the blood ... acid from the blood ... Release of purine bases ... acid levels n the blood ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology