15 results
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
- incr H+ (acidosis ... - Sickle cell anemia ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Right #Shift #Differential ... #Causes #Diagnosis
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
- Pulmonary Edema ... - Metabolic Acidosis ... PO4 and Mg into cells ... hemolysis - anemia ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... Step 5 - Differential ... Renal failure (uremia ... ) K Ketoacidosis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Diagnosis and Management ... only if no clear cause ... into cells. ... caution in HTN & edema ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential ... e.g., uptake by cells ... Acute pulmonary edema ... 30mmHg) - Severe anemia ... #Elevation #Differential
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
including laxative, enema ... Renal tubular acidosis ... megaloblastic anemia ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ... ICH Management ... Octaplex + Vitamin K ... = dilated BV = raises ... #management
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... Leukocytosis, anemia ... Pyogenes - K. ... Lung Abscess Differential ... #causes #management