19 results
Causes of Diffuse Lymphadenopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Reactive:
 - Systemic Inflammatory
     •
Pseudotumor - Infectious ... • HIV • Tuberculosis ... History of Bleeding, Infection ... Reed-Sternberg Cells ... Causes #Hematology #Oncology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
Malaise, bleeding, infections ... pain, bleeding, infections ... : Granulocytic cells ... bruising, bleeding, infection ... #Hematology #Oncology
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
infections/year ... macrophages and T cells ... • Pulmonary fibrotic ... Langerhans giant cells ... TB #Diagnosis #Management
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
infections/year ... macrophages and T cells ... • Pulmonary fibrotic ... Langerhans giant cells ... TB #Diagnosis #Management
Basophilia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Basophils < 1% of the total white blood cell count
Basophils function similarly
similarly to mast cells ... Chronic myeloid leukemia ... Diabetes/DKA Infections ... : • helminth infections ... • Tuberculosis
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Diagnosis and Management ... = funny-shaped cells ... risk-stratification • Risks: infection ... transformation to acute leukemia ... treatment #hematology #oncology
Treatment Schema for Standard-Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Induction: 
 • Vincristine, Steroid (dexamethasone), L-Asparaginase, Intrathecal (IT) methotrexate
Consolidation
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ... Lymphoblastic #Leukemia ... Treatment #timeline #oncology ... #pediatrics #peds ... #management
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
weeks without infection ... Skin: - CLL cells ... smear: Smudge cells ... or basket cells ... diagnosis #workup #oncology
Hodgkin's Lymphoma vs Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Comparison

Hodgkin's Lymphoma:
 • Epidemiology: young adults 20-30, older 50-70
 •
e.g., HIV), EBV infection ... involved) • No leukemic ... Etiology: - Infections ... Solid Tumors • Tuberculosis ... NonHodgkins #comparison #oncology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Summary
Overview: 
 • Most common leukemia in adults
 • Disorder of
• Most common leukemia ... lymphocytes, smudge cells ... Complications: 1) Infection ... #oncology #hematology ... hemeonc #diagnosis #management