11 results
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... hematuria, mild ... tubular proteinuria ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... and/or proteinuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... with polyangiitis/microscopic ... nephrotic range) proteinuria
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine sediment Microscopic ... urine sediment by microscopy ... pain + gross or microscopic ... Brown urine - Proteinuria ... causes #urology #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... .2>5 red blood cells ... Hematuria may be ... #Algorithm #differential ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Dyspnea, Fever, Hematuria ... polyangiitis, Microscopic ... • Urinalysis (proteinuria ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Approach to Possible Hypertensive Emergency

criteria required to diagnose hypertensive emergency
(1) Severe hypertension
 - Usually a MAP
injury (often with microscopic ... hematuria) - ... Note: Epistaxis, proteinuria ... Emergency #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteins, documenting proteinuria ... Microscopic exam ... • Epithelial cells ... • Red blood cells ... casts #glucosuria #hematuria