17 results
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
petechiae) • Frequent infections ... • Parvovirus infection ... abnormal under the microscope ... abnormal under a microscope ... diagnosis #hematology #oncology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
• Peripheral blood ... History • Bite cells ... Deficiency • Sickle cells ... Fevers, DAT (-) → Infection ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Neutropenia - recurrent infections ... and petechiae Causes ... Idiopathic • Infections ... result from low blood ... #oncology #hematology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Algorithm Red blood ... cells on urine ... microscopy. ... with polyangiitis/microscopic ... glomerulonephritis • Post-Infectious
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
= funny-shaped cells ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... risk-stratification • Risks: infection ... treatment #hematology #oncology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
Malaise, bleeding, infections ... -> AML: Blast crises ... pain, bleeding, infections ... - infiltrates (anemia ... Leukemia #Hematology #Oncology
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Overview

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon hematological malignancy arising from mature B cells. It
History of EBV infection ... Weight loss • Anemia ... Immune hemolytic anemia ... Workup: • Full Blood ... classification #hematology #oncology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Blood (hemoglobin ... Microscopic exam ... and parasites (infections ... • Red blood cells ... : • White blood
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
weeks without infection ... or basket cells ... Lymphocytosis: Absolute blood ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... diagnosis #workup #oncology
Sweet Syndrome

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweets Syndrome) is a skin condition characterized by fever and inflamed
Causes: - Idiopathic ... gastrointestinal infection ... : - Biopsy - Microscopic ... neutrophils in the blood ... #dermatology #oncology