14 results
Diagnostic Criteria for Scleroderma Renal Crisis 

1. New onset blood pressure >150/85 mm Hg OR increase
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... examination - Microscopic ... hematuria on urine ... cells on urine ... microscopy -
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
granular/waxy mixed casts ... surrounding white blood ... cells); B: light ... Granular #MuddyBrown #Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
• stored red blood ... cells - Hb variant ... - Sickle cell anemia ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Causes
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... skin that are caused ... Out Secondary Causes ... abnormal under the microscope ... abnormal under a microscope
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Blood (hemoglobin ... Microscopic exam ... • Red blood cells ... • Urinary casts ... : • White blood
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Algorithm Red blood ... cells on urine ... microscopy. ... with polyangiitis/microscopic
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... presence of protein, blood ... stain taken up by cells ... or casts and will ... protein matrix of casts
Drug-Induced Edema
Drug-induced edema is caused by many drugs & can coincide with or worsen pre-existing peripheral
Drug-induced edema is caused ... pressure in the blood ... release from mast cells ... #Differential #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
cells that adopt ... These cells can ... Crises can be precipitated ... The underlying pathophysiology ... of the baseline anaemia
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
oxygen in the blood ... SvO2 → Low PaO2 ANEMIC ... CYTOPATHIC HYPOXIA - Cells ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #pathophysiology