7 results
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Alwavs Repeat Blood ... while drawing blood ... #Differential # ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... Benyzlpenicillin, blood ... #differential # ... diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
• stored red blood ... cells - Hb variant ... - Sickle cell anemia ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Right #Shift #Differential
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
cells, red blood ... abnormal under the microscope ... abnormal under a microscope ... abnormal under the microscope ... count with differential
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
oxygen in the blood ... SvO2 → Low PaO2 ANEMIC ... CYTOPATHIC HYPOXIA - Cells ... summary #pulmonary #differential ... diagnosis #causes #pathophysiology
Drug-Induced Edema
Drug-induced edema is caused by many drugs & can coincide with or worsen pre-existing peripheral
pressure in the blood ... release from mast cells ... Medication #Causes #Differential ... #Pharmacology # ... Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
apical membrane of cells ... Normal or low blood ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology ... #Hypokalemia