55 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Glomerular (red blood cells ... white blood cell casts ... renal tubular cell casts ... or pigmented casts ... treating underlying cause
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Summary Epidemiology ... extrapulmonary cases ... Detection of AFB by smear ... microscopy Management ... #Management #Summary
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
and Management ... Summary myelo ( ... = funny-shaped cells ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... #Management #treatment
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... RBCs and/or RBC casts
Staphylococcus-associated GlomeruloNephritis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
CLINICAL
 • Nephritic syndrome (Casts)
 • Marked proteinuria (may be
and Management ... Summary CLINICAL ... Nephritic syndrome (Casts ... • Microbial cultures ... #management #GN
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
 • Epidemiology: 10-180/100,000, Typically Age 20-40, F:M
Erythematosus (SLE) - Diagnosis ... Summary • Epidemiology ... Positive in 60-80% of cases ... Erythematosus #Diagnosis ... #Management #Summary
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Endocarditis Summary ... positive in 90% of IE cases ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Treat underlying cause ... #management #cardiology
Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical Signs:
 • hyperCalcemia 28% (bone demineralization)
 • Renal disease 48%
and Management ... Summary Clinical ... 48% (light chain cast ... marrow plasma cells ... #Management #oncology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Summary Epidemiology ... countries (11-24 cases ... Americans (18-71 cases ... mortality: 9-14 cases ... sarcoidosis (1/3 of cases