49 results
Blood Disorders - Markers and Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Acute
 • Myloid (AML) - CD13, CD33, CD34,
Involvement - B-cell ... CD10 - T-cell ... Pelger-Huet, Macrocytic anemia ... • Lymphoid (CLL ... or λ), Smudge Cells
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell ( ... • Sickle cells ... - Sickle cell anemia ... Morphology #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #differential #
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
smear: Smudge cells ... or basket cells ... can indicate disease ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... microglobulin Treatment
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
extramedullary disease ... Rapidly rising blast cells ... : Granulocytic cells ... - infiltrates (anemia ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Red Blood Cell ( ... Bite Cell RBC: G6PD ... Target Cell RBC ... RBC #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
- Differential ... History • Bite cells ... Deficiency • Sickle cells ... DAT (-) → Sickle Cell ... malignancy, autoimmune disease
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... - Drugs (Beta lactam ... Hemoglobinopathies (e.g. sickle cell ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
lymphoid malignancy (CLL ... malignancies - B-cell ... malignancies -> CLL ... sensitize red blood cells ... #hematology #diagnosis
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Diagnosis Framework ... Defects: Sickle cell ... anemia, Thalassemias ... Haptoglobin ↓ - Lactate ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Hodgkin's Lymphoma vs Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Comparison

Hodgkin's Lymphoma:
 • Epidemiology: young adults 20-30, older 50-70
 •
typically of B-cell ... Reed Sternberg cell ... type (B cell, T ... cells, natural ... killer (NK) cells