14 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Epithelial cells ... Renal tubular cells ... Dysmorphic red cells ... Necrotic tubular cells ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Investigations: full blood ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... clinical context and signs ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Kidney Injury (AKI ... Kidney Injury ( ... AKI) - Acute increase ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... #Nephrology #Differential
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... require urgent nephrology ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Acute Kidney Injury ... Glomerular (red blood ... cells/proteinuria ... #Kidney #Injury ... #AKI #Differential
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Epithelial cells ... • Red blood cells ... cells Fractional ... Acute Kidney Injury
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... Immune mediated injury ... hematuria • Signs ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #nephrology #renal
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
UA positive for blood ... + myoglobin AKI ... Cast formation: ... kidney tubular cells ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis ... GrepMed Handbook Acute ... prevent corneal injury ... within 4m #Bells ... Management #Treatment #Neurology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Gitelman SIGNS ... essential for blood ... smooth muscle cells ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride