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differential causes management potassium hematology hypokalemia syndrome aids associated classification dementia disorder disorders gitelman hand high hiv hypomagnesemia k leukostasis
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift Into Cells ... imports K+ into cells ... #potassium #low ... #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Thrombocytosis: cells ... 7) - principal cells ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells ... Lymphocyte - 5% RS cells ... (LP) tumour B cells ... B-Cell ~90% • Low ... Classification #pathophysiology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
magnesium into cells ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... acidosis) • Low ... Drives K+ into cells ... #Diagnosis #Management ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... Lysis of tumor cells ... , Elevated Cr, Low ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... invades mononuclear cells ... CNS ○ Infected cells ... ARVs can have low ... Diagnosis: MRI
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
apical membrane of cells ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
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