17 results
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
lymphadenopathy • Blast cells ... Rapidly rising blast cells ... : Granulocytic cells ... organs When Cancer Cells ... Hypogammaglobulinemia, smudge cells
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... in APML Epidemiology ... ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... Release from blast cells ... Diagnosis: >3 symptoms
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... changes, stroke symptoms ... : • Pathophysiology ... Lysis of tumor cells
Hashitoxicosis

‘Leakage’ symptoms of active Hashimoto’s disease

- Hashitoxicosis (Htx) can occur during the initial hyperthyroid stage in
lymphocytes and plasma cells ... ‘Leakage’ symptoms ... Hashimoto’s disease as ... in ‘Leakage’ phenomenon ... Endocrinology #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
age 70 years Symptoms ... involve one, two, or all ... transformation to AML ... Antibiotics such as ... progression to AML
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
with no early symptoms ... Skin: - CLL cells ... Paraneoplastic phenomenon ... smear: Smudge cells ... or basket cells
Myoedema in Hypothyroidism on Physical Exam

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from the production, secretion or
is a clinical syndrome ... varied clinical symptoms ... There are several symptoms ... (shown in the video ... in the muscular belly
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... invades mononuclear cells ... CNS ○ Infected cells ... • Depressive symptoms ... The clinical syndrome
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Microglial cells ... are the immune cells ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... between nerve cells
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
pathogens, including PML ... less than 200 cells ... more than 200 cells ... such as hemianopia ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology