9 results
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Action, ←→ EFR ... block alpha & beta adrenergic ... ++ influx into cells ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology ... #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... Action, ←→ EFR ... block alpha & beta adrenergic ... Antiarrhythmics #Pharmacology ... #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... Nonreabsorbable anions ... Alkalemia • Adrenergic ... #Causes #Classification
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification
Class I (Ia, Ib, Ic) - Na+ Channel Blockade
 • Slows depolarization
depolarization in slow ... AP cells • Slows ... Blockade • Prolongs action ... AP cellsSlow ... #cardiology #pharmacology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... are present • Classic ... B-Cell ~90% • Low ... Classification #pathophysiology ... #differential #algorithm
Adrenoceptor Actions
α1
 • Vascular smooth muscle - Contraction
 • Genitourinary smooth muscle - Contraction
 • Intestinal
Adrenoceptor Actions ... #Adrenoceptor #adrenergic ... #receptors #actions ... #pharmacology # ... pathophysiology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... and Pathophysiology ... intracellular calcium causes ... hypokalemia (or low ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Redistribution into cells ... Increased ß2-adrenergic ... nonreabsorbed anions ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low