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hematology emergencies management mds myelodysplastic oncologic acidosis anemia ascites bradyarrhythmia bradycardia bruising cancer cd4 classification clinical ecg echocardiogram ekg electrocardiogram
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... and petechiae Causes ... Constitutional Syndromes ... #Anemia #oncology ... #hematology #diagnosis
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... dys- (abnormal) -plastic ... = funny-shaped cells ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... treatment #hematology #oncology
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES: Hyperviscosity Syndrome: • Spontaneous bleeding • Shortness of breath
- Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... neutrophil count < 500 cells ... #differential # ... diagnosis #cancer
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... • Anemia • Aplastic ... blood count with differential ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Causes of Gallbladder Wall Thickening - Differential Diagnosis • Physiologic: Contracted gall bladder in a non-fasting
Causes of Gallbladder ... Diagnosis • Physiologic ... cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #radiology ... #POCUS #ultrasound
Causes of Purpura or Easy Bruising in Children Platelet count reduced, i.e. thrombocytopenia - Increased platelet destruction
Causes of Purpura ... Acquired - Aplastic ... Purpura #Bruising #Causes ... #peds #pediatrics ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... e.g., uptake by cells ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... - Compartment syndrome ... #Diagnosis #causes
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100 Wide (1) VT - DANGER (2)
(2) Sick Sinus Syndrome ... block (lower AV cells ... bradyarrhythmia #ECG #EKG #diagnosis ... electrocardiogram #cardiology ... #differential
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Summary of Oncologic ... Treat underlying cause ... interventional radiology ... “big & sticky” cells ... #HemeOnc #Diagnosis
Idiopathic CD4 Lymphopenia (ICL) / Lymphocytopenia DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR ICL • Persistent CD4 T-cell lymphopenia •
T-cell count of 300 cells ... chemotherapy) • Genetic syndromes ... Heme (lymphoma. aplasia ... #hematology #Differential ... #Causes #lymphocytopenia
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