28 results
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
yrs old; F>M Signs ... /Symptoms: - Fever ... Anemia - Giant cells ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
mutated in all cells ... Retinoblastoma Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #symptoms
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
The epidemiology of this disease is 1/340,000 births and roughly double
maturation of B cells ... from precursor cells ... /Symptoms/Findings ... Absence of mature B cells ... CD19+) and plasma cells
Acute Rheumatic Fever: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Delayed autoimmune reaction
-> Molecular mimicry
-> GAS antigen cross-reacts with host
->
B and CD-4+ T cells ... RheumaticFever #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
Characterized by red blood cells ... These cells can ... sequestration of sickle cells ... Crisis #Features #Signs ... #Symptoms
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
the mastoid air cells ... and mastoid air cells ... in mastoid air cells ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... Lysis of tumor cells ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Acute Otitis Media: Complications
Infection and inflammation of the middle ear
 - Prolonged obstruction of e. tube
to mastoid air cells ... becomes more severe Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
• Langerhan cells ... removal of these cells ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
vascular endothelial cells ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis