27 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... #Causes #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
- Diagnostic of ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... Microscopy #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... exercise or with diuretic ... and concentrated urine ... #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Diagnosis Baseline ... / urinary sediment ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes