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diagnosis algorithm urine injury kidney management workup cardiology endocarditis kidneyinjury renal treatment urinary urology acutekidneyinjury ain atlas bloodsmear borrelia clinical
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sensitive) • AKI ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... hematuria, mild ... proteinuria, granular casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... urine • 1ml blood ... : - RBC casts ... #Differential # ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
- Differential ... Algorithm Pyuria - Leukocytes ... on Dipstick/Microscopy ... Bacteriuria & Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... ) - Differential ... Epithelial cell casts ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... #Nephrology #Differential
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... require urgent nephrology ... cases are caused ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Red cell casts ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... - Differential ... Algorithm Red blood ... cells on urine microscopy ... RBCs and/or RBC casts
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... (AKI) FE Na < ... #urine #UNa #casts ... #glucosuria #hematuria
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... are seen in acute ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
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