25 results
Step by Step Algorithmic Approach to Pediatric Fever

Age < 21 days old (or 28 days for
Step by Step Algorithmic ... Approach to Pediatric Fever ... sensitivity) Leukocytes ... in the urine Procalcitonin ... #Infant #Fever
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Causes of Dysuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pyuria - Leukocytes ... Bacteriuria & Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Confirm hematuria ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts ... #glucosuria #hematuria
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... : Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... : - RBC casts ... #Differential #
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... triad (<10%): fever ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic hematuria ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... blood cells on urine ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... #Differential #
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Exercise • Fever ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm