48 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... ” - Necrotic tubular ... contamination #Urine
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... , renal tuberculosis ... Fatty - Nephrotic ... #Differential #
Intrinsic Renal Disease - Differential Diagnosis
Vascular:
 • Macrovascular: Renal artery occlusion, Fibromuscular disease
 • Microvascular: TTP/HUS,
Disease - Differential ... Glomerular: • Nephrotic ... Amyloidosis, MPGN • Nephritic ... Antibiotics, NSAIDs, Cast ... Disease #nephrology #differential
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Algorithm and Differential ... blood count with differential ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #Injury #AKI #Workup
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... used with normal renal ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... - Differential ... = Hyperkalemic Renal ... Chronic interstitial nephritis ... Tubular #Acidosis #Differential
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential ... Framework and Workup ... - RenalUrine ... Metabolic #NAGMA #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... WBCs, or urine ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Nephrology for renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Generalized Edema - Differential ... Overfill (Increased renal ... sodium retention, Urine ... • AKI/CKD • Nephrotic ... #Generalized #Differential
General approach to AKI - Checklist

Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
- Checklist Urine ... FENa) could help differentiate ... between pre-renal ... and intrinsic renal ... tubular interstitial nephritis