34 results
diagnosis nephrology differential management algorithm treatment causes microscopy hematuria nephrotic proteinuria renal syndromes acute aki blood disease endocrinology glomerular hypertension
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • “Muddy brown cast ... contamination #Urine
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... - Casts Acellular ... Casts • Hyaline ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... #Urine #Microscopy
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension • Primary aldosteronism - PRA, PAC • Renal artery stenosis - Renal
fT4 • Cushing syndrome ... cortisol. 24-h urine ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... resistant #Evaluation #workup
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days) Exclude: 1. Causes of acute diarrhea 2. Lactose intolerance 3.
Irritable bowel syndrome ... disease - Fecal leukocytes ... Malabsorption syndromes ... Irritable bowel syndrome ... management #algorithm #workup
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... dipstick, urine ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #Injury #AKI #Workup
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome
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