62 results
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
extramedullary disease ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Leukemia #Hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Red Blood Cell ( ... Iron deficiency anemia ... , McLeod blood group ... RBC #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell ( ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... key #diagnosis #differential ... #hematology
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Peripheral Blood ... cells: Sickle cell ... disease Bite cells ... Smear #Analysis #hematology ... interpretation #clinical
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
→ Refer to hematology ... : Acute blood loss ... hemolysis, deficiency anemia ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Drug-associated, PCH, Evans Syndrome ... anemia, Thalassemias ... - Peripheral Blood ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
chronic kidney disease ... , Acute blood loss ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... morphologic #mcv #differential ... diagnosis #causes #hematology
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome
Clinical Syndrome:
 • Common Clinical Features: alveolitis, ear and
Clinical Syndrome ... thromboembolic disease ... Abnormalities: macrocytic anemia ... including peripheral blood ... Autoinflammatory #Somatic #rheumatology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
) - HELLP syndrome ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Volume (MCV) - Differential ... Algorithm Normal Blood ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... • Liver Disease ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology