25 results
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion
Alcoholic ketoacidosis - Methanol - Ethylene glycol - Isopropyl Alcohol
 • Metabolic Acidosis
 •
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion ... Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... glycol - Isopropyl Alcohol ... Gap • Serum / Urine ... Ingestion #diagnosis #toxicology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • “Muddy brown cast ... contamination #Urine
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Step by Step Algorithmic Approach to Pediatric Fever

Age < 21 days old (or 28 days for
Step by Step Algorithmic ... sensitivity) Leukocytes ... in the urine Procalcitonin ... Management #StepByStep #Algorithm
Gout: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 - Conditions of rapid cell turnover: hemolysis, psoriasis, lymphoproliferative disorders
 -
diuretics) - Alcohol ... Intake -> Alcohol ... for excretion in urine ... cascade results in leukocyte
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Euglycemic DKA

Risk factors for euglycemic DKA in those on an SGLT2i include:
 •
• Excessive alcohol ... Ketones in serum or urine ... therapy in severe cases ... EDKA #Toxicity #Toxicology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Hematuria #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... Proteinuria (Positive urine ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Increased Urinary Frequency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Non-increased urine volume (<2mL/min), Rule out polyuria
Extrinsic to Urinary Tract:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Non-increased urine ... Diuretics, caffeine, alcohol ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm