46 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Hantavirus
Pathogen: Hantavirus - Rodents are the primary reservoir
Transmission:
 • Shed in the urine, feces, saliva of
• Shed in the urine ... barns and lake houses ... • Autopsy PCR Treatment ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #microbiology #infectiousdiseases
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... contamination #Urine
“Step by Step” – the new kid on the block – aims to risk stratify this
investigations and treatments ... >21 days - No leukocytes ... in urine - Procalcitonin
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... Treat underlying cause ... 0.9% NS • If Urine ... Hypotension, Increased urine ... hyponatremia #nephrology #treatment
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Treat underlying cause ... : • Causes can ... administered • Can cause ... Saline: • If Urine ... hyponatremia #nephrology #treatment
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Diagnosis and Treatment ... Hyponatremia is usually caused ... Measure urine osmolality ... Treatment: Treatment ... the underlying cause
Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
 • Most common cause of:
• Most common cause ... media • Important cause ... Spec > 95%) • Urine ... antigen in CAP • Urine ... Specificity of 97%) Treatment
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... Preparation of the urine ... protein, blood or leukocyte ... up by cells or casts ... protein matrix of casts
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... exposure Symptoms: Nausea ... Resuscitation 2) Urine ... diagnosis #management #Treatment