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diagnosis hematology management differential oncology algorithm causes hemolytic leukemia rheumatology workup acute bowel chronic cll cold gastroenterology hemolysis hepatopulmonary ibs
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Blood Smear •
Neutrophils - Low RBC ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... Cells, Normal WBCs ... Tests • Rule out ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... coagulopathy (DIC) #RBC ... #differential #hematology
Hematology Algorithms Anemia is described as a reduction in the proportion of the red blood cells.
Hematology Algorithms ... RBC are produced ... destruction of RBC ... 150,000 per mcL, and leukocytes ... majority of the leukocytes
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: • Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated • Etiology:
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... Spherocytes • Treatment ... transient hemolysis • Treatment ... #hematology #diagnosis ... #comparison
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... Pancytopenia: • ↓ RBC ... • ↓ WBC • ↓ ... Treatment: ... #oncology #hematology
Bandemia Overview Normal: < 1% Clinically significant: > 10% Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
peripheral blood leukocytes ... Even with normal WBC ... relative to both WBC ... diagnosis #neutrophil #WBC ... #CBC #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... only curative treatment ... Myelodysplastic #Syndrome ... #hematology #oncology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
• Blasts > 10% leukocytes ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Leukemia #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Spurious: • Artifact (redo CBC) Autonomous: • Essential thrombocytosis • Polycythemia
Artifact (redo CBC ... effect following treatment ... Iron deficiency anemia ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework 1) Environment - Fragmentation - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
2) External (RBC ... Drug-associated, PCH, Evans Syndrome ... 3) Internal (RBC ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
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