12 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... history (cardiac, liver ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Ddxof
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm ADH ... Heart failure, liver ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Unprovoked ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
Causes of Tremors - Movement Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Action Tremor - Occurs During Voluntary Muscle
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Action ... Etiology (Thyroid, Liver ... MovementDisorders #Neurology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- TTE/liver fxn? ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... Heart Failure, Liver ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
heart failure, liver ... heart failure, liver ... heart failure, liver ... heart failure, liver ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Treatment: Treatment ... include vaptans (HF/liver ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Occurs in advanced liver ... hepatitis, or acute liver ... • Definitive: Liver ... • Urgent liver ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology