12 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... history (cardiac, liver ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Ddxof
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential Diagnosis ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... • Decreased level ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm ADH ... Beer Potomania - Low ... Heart failure, liver ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Heart Failure, Liver ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 - MAP <65. SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 -
- Differential Diagnosis ... 1.5 High CO / Low ... Insufficiency, Liver ... Spinal Cord Injury Low ... #criticalcare #algorithm
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Treatment: Treatment ... include vaptans (HF/liver ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
stores in the liver ... beta-oxidation in the liver ... both conditions, low ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #management
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
solutions may have ↑ sodium ... unmeasured" anion - Liver ... dysfunction or low ... Toxicity #toxicology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Occurs in advanced liver ... hepatitis, or acute liver ... • Definitive: Liver ... Treat underlying liver ... • Urgent liver