78 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
• Metabolic acidosis ... • Metabolic acidosis ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... measuring urinary K level ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #nephrology #potassium
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
deep breathing Pulmonary ... Tachypnea: • Pulmonary ... • Metabolic acidosis ... exposures • Lactic acidosis ... • Temperature/FEVER
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Anxiety, pain, fever ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
- Tamponade Pulmonary ... Vasculature: - PE - Pulmonary ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Additional: - Acidosis ... #pulmonary
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Acute Coronary Syndrome ... Pleural Thickening/Masses ... • Metabolic Acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Differential Diagnosis - Noninfectious Causes of Fever

CRITICAL DIAGNOSES:
 - Acute myocardial infarction
 - Pulmonary embolism or
Noninfectious Causes ... infarction - Pulmonary ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... Postmyocardiotomy syndrome ... #Causes #Differential
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
Causes of Dyspnea ... Superior vena cava syndrome ... Pneumonia • Pulmonary ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... with short bowel syndrome ... salicylate toxicity causes ... Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... with renal tubal acidosis ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology