11 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Pulmonary vasculature ... Patients with liver ... HPS-severity classification ... Syndrome #HPS #hepatology ... #pulmonary #diagnosis
Cryoglobulinemia Classification Types

Type 1: Monoclonal IgM (rarely IgG/lgA)
 • Raynaud phenomenon, Digital ulcers/gangrene, Livedo reticularis, Hyperviscosity
Cryoglobulinemia Classification ... , weakness • Liver ... peripheral neuopathy, pulmonary ... #Types #hematology ... #diagnosis
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
high CVP, left heart ... , and CXR with pulmonary ... edema) • Fever ... Transfusion #Reactions #hematology ... #diagnosis #comparison
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Congestive heart ... Malignancy • Pulmonary ... Post-CABG • Medication ... #Hepatology #causes
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renal Failure • Liver ... Neoplastic / Hematologic ... Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary ... Myasthenia Gravis Pharmacologic
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
Hypertension Presence of pulmonary ... disease, left heart ... RVSP) - Estimates pulmonary ... hemodynamics Liver ... #management #hepatology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... failure, liver ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis ... appear in left heart ... cirrhosis • Intra-pulmonary ... perfusion scanning or pulmonary ... management #treatment #hepatology
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
Encephalopathy - Diagnosis ... • Caused by liver ... branched chain amino acids ... Encephalopathy #Grading #Classification ... #treatment #hepatology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential Diagnosis ... output - Acute pulmonary ... glycol - HIV/HAART ... medications - ... #typea #typeb #classification