55 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... XR — scotty dog sign ... vertebrae • CT ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #signs #symptoms
Suspected Celiac Disease - Diagnosis Algorithm

Celiac disease suspected:
 • Signs and symptoms of celiac disease
 •
- Diagnosis Algorithm ... suspected: • Signs ... and symptoms of ... discernable cause • Signs ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
inflammatory cells) Clinical ... : • Disease fatal ... exertion • Neurologic ... #Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Algorithm Symptoms ... quadrant discomfort Signs ... Associated history: Symptoms ... of autoimmune disease ... Liver biopsy findings
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm True ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... • Meniere's Disease ... symptoms/signs,
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) - Further Workup

 • CNS symptoms? Get an LP and imaging
Workup • CNS symptoms ... Returning Traveler’ algorithm ... thin smear • Signs ... node biopsy • Clinical ... UnknownOrigin #workup #diagnosis
Lyme Disease: Early and Late Clinical manifestations
Stage 1. Localized
 • EM appears 7-14 days at the
Lyme Disease: Early ... and Late Clinical ... arthralgia, headache, fever ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
• Meningeal signs ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... , fever, myalgia ... #Algorithm #neurology
Venn Diagram - Does this patient have pneumonia?
Diagnosis is generally based on three lines of evidence:
infiltrate (e.g., CXR, CT ... , ultrasound) - ... Inflammation (e.g., fever ... - Pulmonary symptoms ... chest pain) and signs