22 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Assess volume status ... HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal ... radiation dose Ultrasound ... diverticulae). degree and level ... scan) when an ultrasound ... with surgical access
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Muscle swelling - Fever ... oxidative injury Treatment ... Treatment of underlying ... Management #causes #treatment ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Inhibitors of Renal ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Diuretics #Renal ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
post-hypothermia • ↓ Renal ... Excretion: - Renal ... • Labs: BMP (Assess ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... #potassium #nephrology
Emergency Treatment Algorithm for Convulsive Status Epilepticus
1. ABCDEFG (ABC's and Don't Ever Forget the Glucose)
2. Airway:
Emergency Treatment ... ABC's and Don't Ever ... IV access 4. ... #Epilepticus #Treatment ... Algorithm #Management #Neurology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
or renal injury ... perfusion - shock->treatments ... assessment - assess ... before beginning treatment ... deficiency - Renal
Urothelial Thickening on Renal POCUS
Teenager (female) with flank pain and fever.  POCUS to evaluate for
Thickening on Renal ... flank pain and fever ... abnormal echogencity, renal ... infarction/abscess ... POCUS #clinical #ultrasound
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... elevated protein level ... persistent altered level ... epilepticus Treatment
Causes of Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign - Anechoic on ultrasound, Well-demarcated on ultrasound/CT,
Causes of Cystic Renal ... of infection - Renal ... Carcinoma - Abscess ... - Fever and leukocytosis ... Cystic #RenalMass #Nephrology