4373 results
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
although hepatic causes ... namely, the many causes ... decompensated liver ... many non-hepatic causes ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... cholestasis → Cirrhosis/Liver ... or higher • Liver
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Muscles, Kidneys, Liver ... Rhabdomyolysis - AKI - Liver ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... tissue damage (AKI, Liver ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
Syndrome, Ischemic Liver ... considered in all cases ... coagulation and other causes ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
protein C and S Pathophysiology ... DIC • Severe Liver ... Treat primary cause ... Coagulation #diagnosis #causes
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
synthesized in: liver ... Most cases diagnosed ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... GFR • Acute liver ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
countries (11-24 cases ... Americans (18-71 cases ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... symptoms are not caused ... heart (2-5%), liver
Tree in Bud Sign
The Tree-in-Bud sign represents Endobronchial spread in a linear branching pattern and centrilobular
It is caused by ... actually seen in all causes ... pneumonia, congenital causes ... like cystic fibrosis ... radiology #ChestCT #pathophysiology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Risk factors: Previous acute enteric infection, Female
Syndrome (IBS) - Pathophysiology ... , less common: Life ... fibre - 2nd Line ... Pain: - 1st Line ... Bowel #Syndrome #Pathophysiology