52 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Heart failure, liver ... #causes #nephrology
Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
 - Ascites Formation
 - Dilutional Hyponatremia
 - Hepatorenal Syndrome
 - Spontaneous Infections

#Cirrhosis #Pathophysiology
- Dilutional Hyponatremia ... - Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Pathophysiology #hepatology #liver
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver ... #Causes #neurology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome of Inappropriate ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome of Inappropriate ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #Nephrology #Differential
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Evaluation of Hyponatremia ... history (cardiac, liver ... EM #IM #Nephro #Hyponatremia ... #Differential #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium