12 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... (treatment of diabetic ... diuretic use), ... mimics thiazide diuretic ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... - Hypokalemia ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Renal failure (acute ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop ... Potassium-sparing diuretics
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
(ALL) • Acute ... Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics ... endocrinology #causes
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia
Acute Hyperkalemia:
 - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... Hyperkalemia Acute ... ) - Effective diuretic ... therapy (loop diuretics ... #Algorithm #Management
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Altitude sickness • Diuretic ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... #Medications #Table
Diffuse Acute Abdominal Pain (<72 hours) - Differential Diagnostic Algorithm
Look for surgical abdomen
Upper quadrant: R/O cardiac,
Diffuse Acute Abdominal ... Look for surgical ... musculoskeletal causes ... genitourinary causes ... disease (e.g., Diabetic
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... (IV loop diuretic ... acetazolamide) - IV loop ... diuretic (lasix