11 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
(treatment of diabetic ... diuretic use), ... mimics thiazide diuretic ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #Causes #differential
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... - Hypokalemia ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Low #Magnesium #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... UNa > 20: • Acute
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia
Acute Hyperkalemia:
 - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... Hyperkalemia Acute ... ) - Effective diuretic ... therapy (loop diuretics ... #Algorithm #Management
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... excretion • Acute ... • Drugs • Diabetic ... nephrology #potassium #differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Renal failure (acute ... , ileal loop ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Altitude sickness • Diuretic ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... #Medications #Table
Diffuse Acute Abdominal Pain (<72 hours) - Differential Diagnostic Algorithm
Look for surgical abdomen
Upper quadrant: R/O cardiac,
Diffuse Acute Abdominal ... (<72 hours) - Differential ... Diagnostic Algorithm ... Look for surgical ... disease (e.g., Diabetic