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diagnosis nephrology hypokalemia management low treatment endocrinology hyponatremia metabolic table alkalosis classification high hypercalcemia hypomagnesemia pharmacology magnesium medications pathophysiology urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... diuretics, and ... thiazide-like diuretics ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #differential
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... diuretics: • ... Piretanide Potassium ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... syndrome • Thiazide Diuretics
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Fluids Shift potassium ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... #causes #urinary
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift • Recovery From DKA • Refeeding Syndrome • Acute Respiratory
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... Syndrome • Osmotic Diuresis ... Acetazolamide and Thiazide Diuretics ... endocrinology #causes
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