36 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... diuretics: • ... Piretanide Potassium ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Fluids Shift potassium ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia
Acute Hyperkalemia:
 - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia ... Acute Hyperkalemia ... sodium bicarbonate, Diuretics ... ) - Effective diuretic ... therapy (loop diuretics
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #potassium
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Effects • Thiazide Diuretics ... Paget's Disease #Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... DiureticsHypercalcemia-PTH ... syndrome • Thiazide Diuretics
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... (IV loop diuretic ... diuretic (lasix ... #Hyperkalemia
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
malignancy-associated hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia - ... Volume Overload → Loop ... diuretic IV Bisphosphonate ... malignancy #associated #hypercalcemia
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
, ileal loop ... Hyperkalemia ... Drug-induced hyperkalemia ... Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride